Effects of Urban Environments on Animals — Test 1, Section 4
Cambridge IELTS 13 · Test 1 · Listening Section 4
Listen to the recording once and answer all the questions in this section.
Introduction Recent urban developments represent massive environmental changes. It was previously thought that only a few animals were suitable for city life, e.g. • the ___ – because of its general adaptability • the pigeon – because walls of city buildings are similar to ___ In fact, many urban animals are adapting with unusual ___ . Recent research • Emilie Snell-Rood studied small urbanised mammal specimens from museums in Minnesota. – She found the size of their ___ had increased. – She suggests this may be due to the need to locate new sources of ___ and to deal with new dangers. • Catarina Miranda focused on the ___ of urban and rural blackbirds. – She found urban birds were often braver, but were afraid of situations that were ___ . • Jonathan Atwell studies how animals respond to urban environments. – He found that some animals respond to ___ by producing lower levels of hormones. • Sarah Partan's team found urban squirrels use their ___ to help them communicate. Long-term possibilities Species of animals may develop which are unique to cities. However, some changes may not be ___ .
IELTS_LISTENING_FORM_COMPLETION
Effects of urban environments on animals
ONE WORD ONLY
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
A lecturer describes research into how animals adapt to living in cities.
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