The social basis of human survival - Review 2

C2 Proficiency · Multiple Choice Cloze · Close-up C2, National Geographic Learning

For questions 1–8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

form

hold

make

band

conscience

mindful

conscious

sensible

packs

clans

squads

throng

factions

tribes

races

unions

migrated

journeyed

emigrated

evacuated

keep

run

do

get

managed

harvested

nourished

yielded

hordes

crowds

masses

herds

Humans live in interdependent societies where people (1) ___ together in groups for mutual aid and protection. We have always had a (2) ___ awareness that group survival means personal survival, that the individual benefits by supporting the group, because the group reciprocates by supporting the individual. Our primitive ancestors worked collectively to hunt for food and to fight off (3) ___ of dangerous animals. They were nomads who lived in (4) ___ and followed seasonally available wild plants and game for their subsistence. These hunter-gatherers (5) ___ when food resources became scarce or the environment less hospitable. When they learnt how to farm they were finally able to (6) ___ away with their nomadic lifestyle. They formed small permanent settlements where they (7) ___ crops for their sustenance and kept (8) ___ of livestock. Over time, the settlements grew. Now, super cities with millions of inhabitants dot the planet, but many people feel a greater sense of isolation and a very real disconnect from their fellow human beings.

The social basis of human survival

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