Araucaria Trees in South America - Test 1

C1 Advanced · Word Formation · C1 Advanced Trainer 2, Cambridge University Press

For questions 1–8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning.

ECONOMY

THREAT

DANGER

EXIST

EXPAND

MOIST

INCREASE

ANALYSE

Large areas of Chile, Argentina and Brazil have (0) ___ been covered by forests of Araucaria, or monkey puzzle trees as they are often called. A valuable source of timber, fuel, resin and nuts for eating, the Araucaria has played a key role in the cultural and (1) ___ development of local communities. However, many of the forests are now (2) ___ by logging and modern farming, and 5 out of the 19 species of Araucaria are (3) ___ . The fact is that some forests owe their (4) ___ to humans. A recent study in the region found there had been two major forest (5) ___ . The first, 4,500 to 3,200 years ago, was due to climatic changes and higher levels of (6) ___ . The second, between 1,400 and 900 years ago, coincided with the development of (7) ___ complex societies in the region. Through excavations and soil (8) ___ , the researchers found that local populations had modified the land, protected seedlings and even planted trees to help the forests grow. The researchers hope their findings will help efforts to conserve the ancient, partly man-made Araucaria forests.

Araucaria Trees in South America

HISTORY

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